Reverse Transcriptase

Reverse Transcriptase: A Game Changer in Biology and Medicine

Discovery and Impact

• Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that creates copies of DNA from RNA, was discovered in 1970.

• It revolutionized molecular biology research and diagnostics for RNA viruses like HIV.

Role in SARS-CoV-2 Detection

• Reverse transcriptase became a cornerstone of diagnostic tests for detecting SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19.(RT-PCR).

Retroelements and Human Evolution

• Reverse transcriptase plays a role in shaping the human genome through retroelements, previously considered "junk DNA."

• Retroelements are DNA sequences within our genome that originated from ancient viruses called retroviruses.

• These retroviruses snuck their way into the genomes of our ancestors millions of years ago, and copies of their genetic material have been passed down through generations. Here's a breakdown of retroelements:

• Origin: Fossil remnants of ancient retroviruses integrated into our DNA.

• Location: Scattered throughout the human genome.

• Previous Classification: Once thought to be "junk DNA" with no function.

Bacterial Reverse Transcriptase

• Bacteria also possess reverse transcriptase, likely the precursor to the eukaryotic version.

• A recent study suggests bacteria use reverse transcriptase to defend against viruses.

Future Implications

• Understanding reverse transcriptase in bacteria offers potential for new applications in medicine and biotechnology.

• Further research could lead to novel therapies and tools for combating antimicrobial resistance and viral infections.